December 4,  2007

Federal Headlines


Premiums Paid to Self-Insured Accident or Health Plans Eligible for Code Sec. 402(l) Exclusion (Notice 2007-99)

The IRS has modified Q&A-23 of Notice 2007-7, I.R.B. 2007-5, 395, to provide that health insurance premiums paid to self-insured accident or health plans are eligible for the Code Sec. 402(l) exclusion. The modification reflects pending technical corrections to Code Sec. 402(l) and certain special considerations involving eligible retired public safety officers.

Code Sec. 402(l), which was added by the Pension Protection Act of 2006 (PPA) (P.L. 109-280), generally excludes from gross income certain distributions paid from an eligible governmental plan that are used to pay qualified health insurance premiums of an eligible retired public safety officer or his or her spouse or dependents. For this purpose, qualified health insurance premiums are defined as premiums for coverage for the eligible retired public safety officer, his spouse, and dependents, by an accident or health insurance plan or qualified long-term care insurance contract (Code Sec. 402(l)(4)(D)). The exclusion is further limited to premiums that are paid directly to the provider of the accident or health insurance plan or qualified long-term care insurance contract (Code Sec. 402(l)(5)(A)).

Consistent with Code Sec. 402(l), Q&A-23 of Notice 2007-7 provides that premiums paid to self-insured accident or health plans are not eligible for the Code Sec. 402(l) exclusion because the accident or health plan receiving the premium payments must be an accident or health insurance plan. Thus, the plan must be providing insurance issued by an insurance company regulated by a State (including a managed care organization that is treated as issuing insurance). However, proposed legislation containing technical corrections to the PPA would revise Code Sec. 402(l) by deleting the word "insurance" from the term "accident or health insurance plan" that appears in both the Code Sec. 402(l)(4)(D) definition of qualified health insurance premiums and the direct payment requirement of Code Sec. 402(l)(5)(A). As a result, payments of qualified health insurance premiums received by self-insured accident or health plans would qualify for the exclusion because an accident or health plan, as defined in Code Sec. 105(e), includes a self-insured plan. Notice 2007-7 is modified.

Notice 2007-99, 2007FED ¶46,737

Other References:

Code Sec. 402

CCH Reference - 2007FED ¶18,207.185

Tax Research Consultant

CCH Reference - TRC RETIRE: 42,054


Transition Relief and Guidance on Corrections of Operational Failures of Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plans (Notice 2007-100; TDNR HP-707)

The IRS has issued transition relief and guidance on the correction of certain failures of nonqualified deferred compensation plans to comply with the operational requirements of Code Sec. 409A(a). The transition relief and guidance provide: (1) methods for correcting operational failures during the tax year of the service provider in which the failure occurs to avoid income inclusion; (2) transition relief limiting the amount includible in income for certain operational failures occurring in a service provider's tax year beginning before January 1, 2010; and (3) an outline of, and request for comments on, a potential corrections program for operational failures of nonqualified deferred compensation plans. Notice 2006-100, I.R.B. 2006-51, 1109, and Notice 2007-89, I.R.B. 2007-46, 998, are modified.

Corrections relief is provided to plans that make unintentional errors, such as mistakenly paying out deferred compensation earlier than required by a plan. Plans that correct under this guidance within the service recipient's tax year can avoid adverse tax consequences. Plans that do not qualify for such relief, but nevertheless correct before January 1, 2010, can avoid some of the adverse consequences of plan failure. The guidance provides detailed descriptions of the information that must be provided to the IRS in the event of a plan correction. It also seeks comments on a permanent corrections program for nonqualified deferred compensation plans.

Corrections Within the Service Provider's Tax Year

Plans are treated far more generously if they correct an operational failure within the service provider's tax year. No amount is required to be included in income as a result of an unintentional operational failure if it is corrected as provided by the new guidance during the service provider's tax year during which the mistake was made. Relief is conditioned on the service recipient taking commercially reasonable steps to avoid a recurrence of the operational failure. Relief is unavailable for: (1) plan terms and provisions that fail to meet the requirements of Code Sec. 409A and relevant guidance; (2) any exercise of a stock right that otherwise would result in a failure to comply with Code Sec. 409A; (3) any intentional failure to comply with the terms of a plan or the requirements of Code Sec. 409A in the operation of a plan; or (4) an operational failure that is egregious, or where the failure is directly or indirectly related to participation in an abusive tax avoidance. Relief is not available with respect to any erroneous payment occurring during any tax year of the service provider in which the service recipient experienced a substantial financial downturn.

Failure to defer amount or incorrect payment corrected in the same tax year. The new guidance provides relief for amounts of deferred compensation that were mistakenly paid. An amount to which this relief applies is treated as having been timely paid if the service provider repays the amount to the service recipient within the service provider's tax year in which the error was made. Immediately after repayment, the service provider must have a legally binding right under the plan to be paid the amount that would have been due if such amount had not been erroneously paid or made available to the service provider during such tax year. In addition to repayment, service recipient insiders who take advantage of this relief must also pay interest to the service provider if the total of all amounts to which the relief applies exceeds the limit on elective deferrals that would apply to a qualified plan for the year in which the erroneous payment was made (the amount is $15,500 in 2007 and 2008).

Incorrect payment in violation of six-month delay rule for specified employees. Relief is provided for mistaken payment with respect to specified employees subject to the six-month delay rule for separation of service payments. The service provider will not be treated as having failed to comply with the six-month delay rule as a result of the amount being paid or made available at an earlier date if, on or before the last day of the service provider's tax year in which the amount was paid or made available, the service provider repays to the service recipient the amount that was erroneously paid or made available. Immediately after such repayment, the service provider must have a legally binding right to receive the amount from the service recipient on a certain date.

The new payment date is pushed back from either the originally scheduled payment date, or the repayment date, whichever is later. The date is pushed back a period that equals the number of days from the date the service recipient made the erroneous payment through the date the service provider repaid the erroneous payment to the service recipient. If repayment is made before the scheduled payment date, the extension is tacked onto the scheduled payment date. If repayment takes place after the scheduled payment date, the extension is tacked onto the repayment date. For example, if payment is originally scheduled for June 1, 2008, but the employer accidentally pays on May 1, the mistake is caught on July 1, and the employee repays the amount on that date, the extension (which would be 61 days in this example), is tacked onto July 1 (the repayment date) so that the new payment date would be August 31, 2008. If, however, the scheduled payment date was November 1 instead of June 1, the 61 day extension is tacked onto the scheduled payment date, which is November 1, resulting in a new payment date of January 31, 2009. The guidance indicates that in such a case, the payment would be taxed in 2009 to the service provider.

Excess deferred amount corrected in the same tax year. If an amount that should not have been deferred compensation is credited to the service provider's account or otherwise treated as deferred compensation as a result of an unintentional plan operational failure, and such excess amount otherwise would have been paid to the service provider during the service provider's tax year in which the excess amount was incorrectly credited to the service provider's account, the excess amount is not treated as deferred if paid to the service provider on or before the last day of the service provider's tax year in which the excess amount was incorrectly deferred. The amount to which the service provider has a legally binding right under the plan at the end of the year must be adjusted to reflect the payment. If the service provider is an insider, the remaining account balance (or other deferred compensation under the plan) must be adjusted for positive earnings retroactive to the date the excess amount was incorrectly credited to the service provider's account or otherwise incorrectly treated as deferred under the plan, provided that such adjustment must be made on or before the last day of the service provider's tax year in which such amount was incorrectly treated as deferred. If it is impracticable to make the adjustment by the end of such year, the service recipient must have a legally binding right on the last day of such tax year to make the adjustment retroactively to such date.

Correction of exercise price of otherwise excluded stock rights. Relief is available if a stock right would be excluded from the definition of nonqualified deferred compensation (and hence, the reach of Code Sec. 409A) as an excluded stock option or stock appreciation right, except that the exercise price of the stock right is less than the fair market value of the underlying stock on the date of grant. Corrections relief is available only if the failure of the exercise price to equal or exceed the fair market value of the underlying stock results from an unintentional administrative error in determining the exercise price.

Relief for Operational Failures During Tax Years Beginning Before 2010

If an unintentional operational failure occurs during a service provider's tax year beginning before January 1, 2010, and the failure does not qualify for correction under the rules governing corrections within the same tax year, the failure may nevertheless qualify for limited corrections relief.

Failure to defer limited amount not corrected in the same tax year and certain erroneous payments. Relief is available if during a service provider's tax year beginning before January 1, 2010, an unintentional operational failure occurs in which an amount should have been treated as deferred compensation was not, and was, instead, paid out to the service recipient. In such a case, the amount includible in income as a result of such payment is limited to the amount that should have been treated as deferred compensation under the plan (or should have continued to be deferred compensation under the plan) but was instead paid or made available to the service provider, and does not include any other amounts deferred under the plan. In addition, with respect to such amount includible in income under Code Sec. 409A(a), the service provider is required to pay the additional 20 percent tax, but is not required to pay the premium interest tax. This relief is available only if the amount paid or made available to the service provider does not exceed the limit on elective deferrals that would apply to a qualified plan under Code Sec. 402(g)(1)(B) for the year of the operational failure ($15,500 for 2007 and 2008).

Limited excess deferred amount not corrected in the same tax year. Relief is available if on or before the last day of a service provider's tax year beginning before January 1, 2010, due to an unintentional operations failure, an amount of deferred compensation under the plan should have been paid but was not, or an amount is treated as deferred compensation under the plan that should have been paid but was not. Relief is conditioned on the amount that should have been paid during that service provider's tax year, not exceeding the limit on elective deferrals that would apply to a qualified plan ($15,500 for 2007 and 2008) for such year. Under the relief provision, by the later of the end of the service provider's tax year in which the failure is discovered or the 15th day of the third month following the date upon which the failure is discovered, the service recipient must pay the service provider the amount that should have been paid or made available to the service provider. Any earnings allocable to such amounts through the date of the payment must be either forfeited or added to the payment to the service provider, and any losses allocable to such amounts through the date of the payment must be either permanently disregarded or subtracted from the payment to the service provider. The amount includible in income as a result of such failure is limited to the excess amount paid to the service provider, and does not include any other deferred compensation under the plan. The amount is includible in income only when paid to the service provider in accordance with the corrections guidance.

Potential Program to Correct Operational Failures and Comments Requested

The Treasury Department and the IRS are considering establishing a corrections program under which taxpayers could correct certain operational failures, including correction after the end of the service provider's tax year in which an operational failure occurs. The Treasury Department and the IRS request comments on all aspects of this potential program. The Treasury Department and the IRS request comments on all aspects of a potential corrections program, including the potential corrections program. Comments must be submitted by March 3, 2008.

Notice 2007-100, 2007FED ¶46,738

Treasury Department News Release, TDNR HP-707, 2007FED ¶46,739

Other References:

Code Sec. 409A

CCH Reference - 2007FED ¶18,960.01

CCH Reference - 2007FED ¶18,960.025

CCH Reference - 2007FED ¶18,960.028

CCH Reference - 2007FED ¶18,960.042

CCH Reference - 2007FED ¶18,960.043

CCH Reference - 2007FED ¶18,960.046

CCH Reference - 2007FED ¶18,960.06

CCH Reference - 2007FED ¶18,960.061

CCH Reference - 2007FED ¶18,960.062

CCH Reference - 2007FED ¶18,960.075

CCH Reference - 2007FED ¶18,960.20

CCH Reference - 2007FED ¶18,960.30

Code Sec. 3401

CCH Reference - 2007FED ¶33,506.1857

Code Sec. 6041

CCH Reference - 2007FED ¶35,836.23

Code Sec. 6051

CCH Reference - 2007FED ¶36,425.28

Tax Research Consultant

CCH Reference - TRC COMPEN: 15,050

CCH Reference - TRC COMPEN: 15,052

CCH Reference - TRC COMPEN: 15,054

CCH Reference - TRC COMPEN: 15,056

CCH Reference - TRC COMPEN: 15,060

CCH Reference - TRC COMPEN: 15,064

CCH Reference - TRC COMPEN: 15,066

CCH Reference - TRC COMPEN: 15,068

CCH Reference - TRC COMPEN: 15,070


State Headlines


Michigan --Multiple Taxes: MBT Surcharge Enacted, Credits Amended, Other Changes Made

Governor Jennifer Granholm has signed a bill (H.B. 5408) that adds an annual surcharge to the Michigan business tax (MBT) and repeals the use tax on services. The bill also makes changes to the compensation, investment, and research and development credits against the MBT and potential refunds if MBT collections exceed certain targets.

Repeal of the use tax on services is discussed further in a separate story; see TAXDAY, 2007/12/04, S.10.

MBT Surcharge

An annual surcharge is added to the Michigan business tax liability. The surcharge is based on a percentage of the taxpayer's liability before credits. For all taxpayers, other than financial institutions, the surcharge is 21.99%. The surcharge is capped at $6 million per year.

For financial institutions taxpayers, subject to the franchise tax, the surcharge is

-- 27.7% for tax years ending after 2007 and before 2009; and

-- 23.4% for tax years ending after 2008.

The surcharge does not apply to insurance companies subject to the gross direct premiums tax or financial institutions taxpayers authorized to exercise only trust powers.

The surcharge will sunset after 2016, provided that the Michigan personal income growth exceeds 0% in either 2014, 2015, or 2016.

Furthermore, the subtraction from the MBT allowed for a portion of the book-tax differences if the book-tax difference resulted in a deferred tax liability is intended to flow through and reduce the surcharge.

Credits

Compensation and investment credits. --For the 2008 tax year, a taxpayer may claim a credit against the MBT equal to 0.296% of the taxpayer's Michigan compensation. For the 2009 tax year and beyond, the credit is equal to 0.37% of the taxpayer's Michigan compensation. Previously, the credit rate of 0.37% applied to all tax years. In addition, financial institution taxpayers are eligible to claim this credit.

For the 2008 tax year, a taxpayer may claim a credit against the MBT equal to 2.32% multiplied by the result of the total cost of the taxpayer's depreciable tangible assets minus the proceeds from any sales of the assets. For the 2009 tax year and beyond, the credit rate increases to 2.9%. Previously, the credit rate of 2.9% applied to all tax years.

For the 2008 tax year, the combination of the compensation credit and the investment credit cannot exceed 50% of a taxpayer's MBT liability before the surcharge. For the 2009 tax year and beyond, the combined credit cannot exceed 52% of a taxpayer's MBT liability before the surcharge. Previously, the combined credit could not exceed 65% of a taxpayer's MBT liability.

Research and development credit. --For the 2008 tax year, a taxpayer may claim a credit against the MBT equal to 1.52% of a taxpayer's research and development expenses in Michigan. For the 2009 tax year and beyond, the credit is equal to 1.9% of the Michigan R&D. Previously, the credit rate of 1.9% applied to all tax years. The credit is limited to 65% (previously, 75%) of a taxpayer's MBT liability before the surcharge.

Beverage container manufacturer credit. --A new credit against the MBT may be claimed by distributors or manufacturers of beverage containers. If the surcharge is imposed, the credit amount is equal to 30.5% of the taxpayer's expenses incurred to comply with the beverage container law. If the surcharge is not imposed, the credit rate decreases to 25% of the taxpayer's expenses.

Other credits. --For the 2009 tax year, the owner of a motorsports entertainment complex may claim a refundable credit against the MBT equal to 50% of the expenses incurred for police officers and traffic management devices to ensure traffic and pedestrian safety. For the 2010 tax year and beyond, the credit amount increases to 100% of expenses incurred. For the personal property tax credit against the MBT, taxes levied on certain public utilities are added to the definition of property taxes eligible for the credit. The amount of the credit against the MBT that may be claimed by new motor vehicle dealers is decreased from 2% to 0.25% of the amount paid for inventory, and the credit cap of $10,000 is removed. The amount of the credit against the MBT that may be claimed by large grocery stores is increased from 0.535% to 1% of the taxpayer's Michigan compensation, and the credit cap is increased to $8.5 million from the previous amount of $4.5 million.

Tax Refunds

For the 2008 fiscal year, if tax collections under the MBT and the former SBT (less insurance company tax payments) exceed the 2008 fiscal year base, then 60% of that excess will be refunded. The remaining 40% will be deposited into the countercyclical budget and economic stabilization fund. Previously, the potential refund amount was 50%.

For the 2009 fiscal year and beyond, if tax collections under the MBT (less gross direct premium tax payments from insurance companies) exceed the fiscal year base, then 60% of that excess will be refunded. The remaining 40% will be deposited into the countercyclical budget and economic stabilization fund. Previously, the potential refund amount was 50%.

For each fiscal year after the 2008 fiscal year, the refund is applied on a pro rata basis to taxpayers that claimed one or more of the compensation, investment, or research and development tax credits.

Other Changes

The definition of "purchases from other firms" for purposes of the MBT is expanded to include, for the 2009 tax year, 50% of film rental or royalty payments paid by a theater owner to a film distributor or producer. The percentage is increased to 100% for the 2010 tax year and beyond.

The definitions of "business income" and "gross receipts" for purposes of the MBT are clarified for individuals, estates, partnerships organized exclusively for estate or gift planning purposes, and trusts organized exclusively for estate or gift planning purposes. For these entities, business income is that part of federal taxable income derived from transactions in the regular course of the taxpayer's trade or business. Business income includes, and gross receipts excludes, the following transactions:

-- all income from tangible and intangible property if the acquisition, rental, management, or disposition of the property constitutes integral parts of the taxpayer's regular trade or business operations;

-- gains or losses incurred or receipts received in the taxpayer's trade or business from stock and securities of any foreign or domestic corporation and dividend and interest income;

-- income derived from isolated sales, licenses, or other infrequently occurring dispositions, transfers, or transactions involving property if the property is or was used in the taxpayer's trade or business operation; and

-- income derived from the sale of a business.

Income that is not included in business income or gross receipts for such entities includes personal investment activity and disposition of tangible, intangible, or real property held for personal use.

Subscribers to CCH Tax Research NetWork may view the enrolled version of H.B. 5408.

Act 145 (H.B. 5408), Laws 2007, effective January 1, 2008, applicable to all business activity occurring after December 31, 2007.


Michigan --Sales and Use Tax: Repeal of Tax on Services Discussed

Governor Jennifer M. Granholm has signed legislation that replaced the 6% use tax on selected services hours after it went into effect on December 1, 2007, with a business tax surcharge. For a discussion of the business tax surcharge, see TAXDAY, 2007/12/04, S.9.

Businesses that already have collected the use tax on selected services may refund the money to the purchaser or remit the funds to the state when the first use tax payment is due. In many cases, that payment is due on January 20, 2008.

As part of the repeal of the tax on services, legislators have agreed to pass legislation to hold harmless any business that did not collect the tax on December 1.

Details concerning the tax on services were previously reported. (TAXDAY, 2007/11/12, S.9; TAXDAY, 2007/11/09, S.8; TAXDAY, 2007/11/08, S.7; TAXDAY, 2007/11/06, S.6; TAXDAY, 2007/10/12, S.14; TAXDAY, 2007/10/02, S.15)

Press Release, Michigan Department of Treasury, December 1, 2007.


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